What is Judaism according to Heschel?

According to Rabbi Heschel Judaism was that whenever somebody mentioned the name Judaism, it was like taking about either somebody citing a poem, God the father or someone who lived a spiritual life. Since many people believed that without God everything is impossible, Heschel tried to come out clearly that people need to be strong in faith despite all the difficulties they are going through. He also stressed out that everyone should be able to live peacefully with each other by forgiving one another whenever there is a problem between them. (Merkel, 1985, p. 2) (Heschel, 1985). The word of God was for everyone no matter what they do, where they come from or whatever language they speak. One way of making people understands the word of God was to write and come out clearly about religious teachings. They were also being taught how to live in harmony and how to confess to one another whenever there is a problem among them. (Merkel, 1985, p. 3) (Heschel, 1985). According to Heschel, Torah’s ways of giving out ideas or explanations about Judaism was like a reflection of what has been happening in our daily lives as it was written in the bible. God the Father also appears as a very bright light to show people that they should believe and have faith in Him all the time. (Merkel, 1985, p. 4) (Heschel, 1985). Heschel join one of the spiritual congregations where he became more spiritual and strong in faith. This attracted very many people as it was a good example of a Jesus follower. It also made many people to listen, understand and believe in the word of God. (Merkel, 1985, p. 5) (Heschel, 1985). Rabbi was so much into Christianity that he could not have time to come together with other people in his congregation. This made the people of his congregation to say that he was over doing the work of Christianity. He also tried to make people have peace, love, and unity and go as far celebrating mass as a sign of commitment to God. . (Merkel, 1985, p. 6) (Heschel, 1985). Everyone was to understand the word of God in the right way and apply in their daily life. This was made to encourage the weak people who were not strong in faith to be able to participate in duties that strengthen their faith. The difficulties that the people of Israel experience on Mount Sinai were a big challenge for them in their life. This is because from there is when man had really believed that God do exist. (Merkel, 1985, p. 7) (Heschel, 1985). He brought the image of God as he appears to Moses on Mount Sinai. This is when Moses’ people had no faith in God and started worshipping other gods. God became angry and appeared to Moses and gave him the Ten Commandments that could guide and make his people believe and trust in God. The Ten Commandments were written so that everyone should believe that all the writings were truly from Jesus but not Moses. (Merkel, 1985, p. 8) (Heschel, 1985). Moses is also portrayed as good leader because he is seen leading his people from Israel to Misery as per instructions given by God. This is when God appeared to him as burning bush when he was looking after the cattle. By then they had no commandments to follow but they still believed in God as their creator and source of inspiration in their life. (Merkel, 1985, p. 9) (Heschel, 1985). As it is seen in the bible that by the time God gave Moses the Ten Commandments, his people had already lost their faith and started worshipping other gods. This made it very difficult for Moses to make all of them believe in the Ten Commandments given the God. It implies that not all Moses’ people accepted the Ten Commandments. That, s why there are always new laws every generation. (Merkel, 1985, p. 10) (Heschel, 1985). Though there were some people who disagreed with Moses as he gave them the Ten Commandments, majority believed on the Ten Commandments that made many generations that comes after them to accept and follow the Ten Commandments as it was meant to strengthen people’s faith in their daily life. (Merkel, 1985, p. 1) (Heschel, 1985). People should be in a position to understand and believe in Jesus’ signs as it was written in the bible. They need to accept that even though they can’t see some of these things happening now, they had already happened before and their fore fathers believed in them. So it’s a big challenge to them to accept the reality of the past. (Merkel, 1985, p. 12) (Heschel , 1985). As it is written in the bible that when Jesus went to Cana and wine got finished during the wedding, He asked for water and turned it into wine for the people who were in the wedding. And also when there was a lot of wind when he was with James and John in a boat, He stopped the wind. These two signs show that God is always there for his people and He will always present in them wherever they go. (Merkel, 1985, p. 13) (Heschel, 1985). It is good to believe in what you understand best than to believe in what you don’t know. This only comes out when you really accept, believe and have faith in the scriptures of the bible. You should be able to relate the scriptures of the bible into your daily life and try to practice them in your life because this is only way to strengthened your faith. Merkel, 1985, p. 14) (Heschel, 1985). Moses was one of the most prominent leaders that God used to show people the right way of life that will remain a remembrance in life to everyone. These are written in the bible so that everyone can understand whatever happened in the past during the reign of their fore fathers. (Merkel, 1985, p. 15) (Heschel, 1985). It is also important to preach or translate the scriptures of the bible according what was written rather than preaching the things which do not exist to people. This is because whatever is being taught now will remain as a history for the coming generations. They should understand that the scriptures of the bible are holy words from God the father but just a normal human being. (Merkel, 1985, p. 16) (Heschel, 1985). God communicated to his people through the scriptures by sending prophets to perform various signs. This can be seen as he ordered Abraham to sacrifice his only son, appearing to Moses as burning bush, saving his disciple from drowning during the strong wind and raising Larus from death after four days. All these events remain as a history to every generation that comes and it will always be there to guide them in their life. (Merkel, 1985, p. 17) (Heschel, 1985). The covenant between God and Moses on Mount Sinai was a sign of an agreement between the people of Israel and God. It made easier for the people of Israel to communicate to God and adored Him as their only savior. So for the people of Israel to communicate to God they had to understand the scripture, translate it and relate to their daily life. Merkel, 1985, p. 18) (Heschel, 1985). The covenant made on Mount Sinai lead to various activities to be performed by man. This is where man had to obey the holy Sunday, do not kill, do not steal, obey their parents so that you can live longer, believe in God all the time and always standing firm to tell truth. Even the people of Israel went as far as fasting in order to strengthen their faith which remained as history to all the coming generations. (Merkel, 1985, p. 19) (Heschel, 19 85). When Moses received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai, it does not mean it was the end of everything that God had to give his people. It implies that the door was still open for more teachings in the future. This encourages people to believe and trust in God as their only comforter during the trial moments in their lives. (Merkel, 1985, p. 20) (Heschel, 1985). The bible was not written as book to be read but as scripture to guide people in their lives. It was supposed to be read, understand the meaning of the scriptures and translate and then preach the right words of God to the people. This would inspire many people to read the scriptures of the bible and know the reason why Jesus sacrificed to suffer on their behalf. (Merkel, 1985, p. 21) (Heschel, 1985). As seen that it is very easier for the people to live as God’s people when they both understand the bible very well. Therefore it is good to make people believe in Jesus as their only guidance in life. When you follow the right path that is God’s foot steps, you will find life interesting and encouraging no matter what difficulties you may be going through. It also makes man become a strong Christian which remains as an example to his forth coming generations. (Merkel, 1985, p. 22) (Heschel, 1985). Jesus loves the world so much that he bled and died for the human kind. So it is the work of the man to be able to follow God’s commandments in order to fulfill God’s promises. It does mean that God made it so difficult for the man not to enjoy life but to have good life both in the world and in heaven. That is why Jesus forbids man not to do some of the things in life. It is not a punishment but a lesson to prepare them for both life in the world and the kingdom of God. (Merkel, 1985, p. 23) (Heschel, 1985). Everyone should be able to carry his own cross when it comes to serving God because you will be judged according your own deeds but not on the behalf of someone else. Man must be able to know the scriptures of the bible so that it can able to apply it any time in his or her life. This will also help people to have time worship God because everyone is a position to read and interpret whatever information which is in the bible. Merkel, 1985, p. 24) (Heschel, 1985). Conclusion: Judaism is all about the past events that happened during the reign of the prophets like Moses, Elijah and Abraham. These are the days when God used to communicate to man through prophets. The prophets could see God in visions, signs and symbols then go and communicate to the people according what they have seen in their visions or symbols they had received. They had to exp lain all the details of what God told them. So that is how man communicated to god in older days.

Advertising Print Essay

It is my great pleasure to take this opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of number of people who helped me in successful completing of this project. Firstly I would like to express my heartily gratitude and sincere thanks to Mr. Agarwal Sir for allowing me to do this project and gratefully acknowledge the contribution by him without his support and valuable suggestion this project could not be successful. I offer my heart self regards to Mrs Aradhana Albert for her continuous guidance, monitoring and informal discussion which become light for me in the entire duration of this project in overcoming the barrier and reaching this stage. Finally I am sincerely thankful to others who have directly or indirectly helped me in the completion of the project. (SHILPA JINDAL) 1|Page PREFACE The title of my project is ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISING. Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor So basically advertising is a mass communications device through which companies promote or market their product to the consumer, and this enables them to make informed consumption decisions. As now a days advertisements have a very great impact on the consumer’s behavior; it plays very important role in our Indian economy directly or indirectly. so if it become unethical it leads our society in wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by the government and I want to throw a light on this only. As it is a very wide field so here I am restricted to the electronic media only. We have to think about this unethical problem and this wrong presentation of business. So that we can give good ethics to our youngsters. 2|Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TITLE The title of the project is â€Å"ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISEMENT†. Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor. INTRODUCTION Advertising plays an important part in our everyday lives as it enables us to choose between different ranges of products. These products are promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. On the other hand advertising is plagued with social and ethical issues as it results in over consumption and waste of resources. Advertising creates an environment where it abuses certain values and interests that are not universally agreed upon. For example in 2001 Yves Saint Laurent launched a fragrance called ‘Opium which featured a naked model. This stirred controversy and people found it offensive and sex was being used openly to promote a perfume. For a fashion magazine the advertisement was fine but for billboards it was inappropriate and some social groups found it morally and ethically wrong. Some times advertising draws mixed response from the public, while sometimes it becomes controversial. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF STUDY Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinvention of the â€Å"brand image†. For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization. 3|Page Advertising is a powerful communication force, highly visible and one of the most important tools of marketing communication that helps to sell products, services, ideas and images etc. Many believe that advertising reflects the need of the times. Whether one likes it or not, advertisements are everywhere. They are seen on the walls, on the back of buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aeroplanes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. The fact is that we are being bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number of advertisements every day, particularly the urban and semi urban population. In spite of this, to the dismay and irritation of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will continue to make their presence felt in our lives and influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- environment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviour. It seems almost impossible to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of modern-day advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticise. Many suitable adjectives are used to describe advertising, depending on how an individual is reacting, such as great, dynamic, alluring, fascinating, annoying, boring, intrusive, irritating and offensive, etc. METHODOLOGY For completing this project the required information or the raw data is gathered from the sources like websites , journals, magazines ,text books etc which is the most difficult task of this project making as it is the most time consuming process. but overall this topic is quite interesting to gain knowledge about the ethics in ads the controversial ads also. The purpose of taking this topic is that in the present scenario advertisement has a great impact on the consumer’s behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the society in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by 4|Page the government or regulation bodies and i want to throw a light on this only. Ethics basically refers to what is right, good or consistent with virtue. Advertising generates complex ethical questions which have to be considered, as this mode of communication commits some highly controversial ethical acts which are damaging to the society as a whole. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Here I am restricted to the ethical issues of advertisement related to television media only as this subject has a very wide arena to be focused on. Her I just want to know that how much these set standards are successful in maintaining the dignity of the Indian’s beliefs and their feeling. 5|Page RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TITLE – Ethical Issues In Advertising Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Ethics refers to principles that define behavior as right, good and proper. Such principles do not always dictate a single â€Å"moral† course of action, but provide a means of evaluating and deciding among competing options. In the present scenario advertisement has a great impact on the consumer’s behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the society in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by the government or regulation bodies. DURATION OF PROJECT This is a very long term project so we have been provided with a period of one month for the completion. To make it easy this period was bifurcated into various sections of making blue print, abstract, collecting primary data, secondary data, making preliminary report, secondary report and final report at the end which makes the whole process easy to attempt. OBJECTIVE Advertising plays an important part in our everyday lives as it enables us to choose between different ranges of products. These products are promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. On the other hand advertising is 6|Page plagued with social and ethical issues as it results in over consumption and waste of resources. ‘Advertising creates an environment where it abuses certain values and interests that are not universally agreed upon. Advertisements as Mirrors of prevailing norms Marketers claim that advertising simply mirrors the attitudes and values of the surrounding culture. No doubt advertising, like the media of social communications in general, does act as a mirror. But, also like media in general. It is a mirror that helps shape the reality it reflects, and sometimes it presents a distorted image of reality. Advertisers are selective about the values and attitudes to be fostered and encouraged, promoting some while ignoring others The purpose of taking this topic is that in the present scenario advertisement has a great impact on the consumer’s behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the society in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by the government or regulation bodies and I want to throw a light on this only. I can differentiate my objectives for taking this topic as follows: †¢ To know the various ethical marketing strategies of the market leaders. †¢ To know how can we make a ethical advertisement. †¢ To know the impact of unethical advertisement on the society. †¢ To enhance my marketing skills. †¢ To know the role of advertisement in the success of any organization. TYPE OF RESEARCH As I took the data from magazines , books, internet links , journals and news papers. It is research of descriptive type. SCOPE OF STUDY Advertising is a powerful communication force, highly visible and one of the most important tools of marketing communication that helps to sell products, services, ideas and images etc. Many believe that advertising reflects the need of the times. Whether one likes it or not, advertisements are everywhere. They are seen on the walls, on the back of 7|Page buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aero planes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. Here I am focusing mainly on the media as a source of advertising. The fact is that we are being bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number of advertisements everyday, particularly the urban and semi urban population. In spite of this, to the dismay and irritation of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will continue to make their presence felt in our lives and influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- environment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviors. It seems almost impossible to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of modern-day advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticize. 8|Page CORE STUDY INTRODUCTION Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor So basically advertising is a mass communications device through which companies promote or market their product to the consumer, and this enables them to make informed consumption decisions. Advertising is a powerful communication force, highly visible and one of the most important tools of marketing communication that helps to sell products, services, ideas and images etc. Many believe that advertising reflects the need of the times. Whether one likes it or not, advertisements are everywhere. They are seen on the walls, on the back of buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aeroplanes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. The fact is that we are being bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number of advertisements everyday, particularly the urban and semi urban population. In spite of this, to the dismay and irritation of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will continue to make their presence felt in our lives and influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- environment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviour. It seems almost impossible to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of modern-day advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticise. Many suitable 9|Page adjectives are used to describe advertising, depending on how an individual is reacting, such as great, dynamic, alluring, fascinating, annoying, boring, intrusive, irritating and offensive, etc. Advertising plays an important part in our everyday lives as it enables us to choose between different ranges of products. These products are promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. . Advertising enables producers to expand their markets and therefore take advantage of economies of scale to reduce unit production costs Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinvention of the â€Å"brand image†. For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization. On the other hand advertising is plagued with social and ethical issues as it results in over consumption and waste of resources. ‘Ethics basically refers to what is right, good or consistent with virtue. Advertising generates complex ethical questions which have to be considered, as this mode of communication commits some highly controversial ethical acts which are damaging to the society as a whole. It promotes overselling, exploitation of vulnerable groups, vulgarity, offending the public, promoting socially harmful values or behavior and intrusion of privacy. Advertising creates an environment where it abuses certain values and interests that are not universally agreed upon. For example in 2001 Yves Saint Laurent launched a fragrance called ‘Opium which featured a naked model. This stirred controversy and people found it offensive and sex was being used openly to promote a perfume. For a fashion magazine the advertisement was fine but for billboards it was inappropriate and 10 | P a g e some social groups found it morally and ethically wrong. Some times advertising draws mixed response from the public, while sometimes it becomes controversial. NEED OF ADVERTISING Advertising is the promotion of a company’s products and services carried out primarily to drive sales of the products and services but also to build a brand identity and communicate changes or new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element of the corporate world and hence the companies allot a considerable amount of revenues as their advertising budget. There are several reasons for advertising some of which are as follows: †¢ Increasing the sales of the product/service †¢ Creating and maintaining a brand identity or brand image. †¢ Communicating a change in the existing product line. †¢ Introduction of a new product or service. †¢ Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or the company. Significance of Advertising Basically advertising creates wants but does not fulfill them, a person may see an advertisement for a product, it might be glossy and fancy and he might be attracted to buy the product. He might eventually buy it but it will not satisfy him it will just be a waste. It’s a short term material satisfaction which just drives the economy by over consumption of goods and services. It keeps the consumer in doubt about what to buy and in what quantities and this doubt in turn has ethical implications. Four reasons are attributed to the fugacious nature of the way advertising practices are being carried out in developing countries. 11 | P a g e 1. The role of Information and Communication technologies: As ICTs evolve so do marketing practices. If yesterday it was television that revolutionized the way advertisements could create a lasting impact on the consumer, then today the internet and phone text messages are doing just that. 2. The world today is an increasingly global village: Social and ethnic boundaries are fast falling in the wake of cable television and the like. 3. Rapid economic expansions in countries like China and India have meant that marketers have to quickly respond to the changing socio-economic scenarios. Millions of people have entered the middle class and millions more are poised to do so. For marketers, the consequences can be mind boggling-as incomes and spending powers rise, marketers have to respond to increasing demands from consumers. 4. Better and improved marketing research has meant that the entire populace is not seen in totality but rather as a congeries of different types of consumers. TYPES OF ADVERTISING There can be several branches of advertising. Mentioned below are the various categories or types of advertising. 12 | P a g e Celebrity Broadcast advertising Advertising Print OutdoorAdvertising Advertising TYPES OF Infomercials ADVERTISING Public Service Advertising Covert Advertising Surrogate Advertising 13 | P a g e 1. Print Advertising – Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, and Fliers and less popular newspaper would cost far less than placing an advertisement in a popular newspaper The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. Often the newspapers and the magazines sell the advertising space according to the area occupied by the advertisement, the position of the advertisement (front page/middle page), as well as the readership of the publications. For instance an advertisement in a relatively new with a high readership. The price of print ads also depend on the supplement in which they appear, for example an advertisement in the glossy supplement costs way higher than that in the newspaper supplement which uses a mediocre quality paper. 2. Outdoor Advertising–Billboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and Events 14 | P a g e Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors. The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also several events and tradeshows organized by the company. The billboard advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchy in order to grab the attention of the passersby. The kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company products but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the company’s products. Organizing several events or sponsoring them makes for an excellent advertising opportunity. The company can organize trade fairs, or even exhibitions for advertising their products. If not this, the company can organize several events that are closely associated with their field. For instance a company that manufactures sports utilities can sponsor a sports tournament to advertise its products. 3. Broadcast advertising – Television, Radio and the Internet The radio jingles have been very popular advertising media and have a large impact on the audience, which is evident in the fact that many people still remember and enjoy the popular radio jingles Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes of several 15 | P a g e branches like television, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced. The cost of television advertising often depends on the duration of the advertisement, the time of broadcast (prime time/peak time), and of course the popularity of the television channel on which the advertisement is going to be broadcasted. The radio might have lost its charm owing to the new age media however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scale advertisers. 4. Covert Advertising – Advertising in Movies Covert advertising is a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports. There is no commercial in the entertainment but the brand or the product is Subtly ( or sometimes evidently) showcased in the entertainment show. Some of the famous examples for this sort of advertising have to be the appearance of brand Nokia which is displayed on Tom Cruise’s phone in the movie Minority Report, or the use of Cadillac cars in the movie Matrix Reloaded. 16 | P a g e surrogate Common examples include of Fosters and Kingfisher beer help Indirectly brands, which are often seen Advertising to promote their brand with – the Advertising advertising. 5. Surrogate Surrogate advertising is prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law. Advertisement for products like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to heath are prohibited by law in several countries and hence these companies have to come up with several other products that might have the same advertising as an effective energy communication medium to convey AIDS, socially relevant messaged about like 17 | P a g e important matters and social welfare causes Causes integrity, – Advertising for Social political 6. Public Service Advertising conservation, bottles of the same brand. deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and people of the cigarettes or beer so on. ent or the summary of an interesting point. You can position the text box anywhere in the document. Use the Text Box Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box. ] brand name and indirectly remind Today public service advertising has been increasingly used in a non-commercial fashion in several countries across the world in order to promote various social causes. In USA, the radio and television stations are granted on the basis of a fixed amount of Public service advertisements aired by the channel. 7. Celebrity Advertising 18 | P a g e and the modern day consumer getting immune to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that Using celebrities for advertising involves signing up celebrities for advertising campaigns, which consist of all sorts of advertising including, television ads or even print advertisements. Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter still bank upon celebrities and their popularity for advertising their products. Infomercials There are two types of infomercials, described as long form and short form. Long form infomercials have a time length of 30 minutes. Short form infomercials are 30 seconds to 2 minutes long. Infomercials are also known as direct response television (DRTV) commercials or direct response marketing. The main objective in an infomercial is to create an impulse purchase, so that the consumer sees the presentation and then immediately buys the product through the advertised toll-free telephone number or website. Infomercials describe, display, and 19 | P a g e often demonstrate products and their features, and commonly have testimonials from consumers and industry professionals. ETHICS 1. INTRODUCTION In this era of globalization &multinational competition, ethical practices in business are assuming importance as relationships with various suppliers& customers are shaped by ethical practices& mutual trust. So, ethical decision taking assumes importance in today’s corporate world. 2. What Is Ethics? Ethics refers to principles that define behavior as right, good and proper. Such principles do not always dictate a single â€Å"moral† course of action, but provide a means of evaluating and deciding among competing options. The terms â€Å"ethics† and â€Å"values† are not interchangeable. Ethics is concerned with how a moral person should behave, whereas values are the inner judgments that determine how a person actually behaves. Values concern ethics when they pertain to beliefs about what is right and wrong. Most values, however, have nothing to do with ethics. For instance, the desire for health and wealth are values, but not ethical values. 3. The Importance of Universality Most people have convictions about what is right and wrong based on religious beliefs, cultural roots, family background, personal experiences, laws, organizational values, professional norms and political habits. These are not the best values to make ethical decisions by — not because they are unimportant, but because they are not universal. In 20 | P a g e contrast to consensus ethical values — such basics as trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship — personal and professional beliefs vary over time, among cultures and among members of the same society. They are a source of continuous historical disagreement, even wars. There is nothing wrong with having strong personal and professional moral convictions about right and wrong, but unfortunately, some people are â€Å"moral imperialists† who seek to impose their personal moral judgments on others. The universal ethical value of respect for others dictates honoring the dignity and autonomy of each person and cautions against selfrighteousness in areas of legitimate controversy. 4. Why Be Ethical? People have lots of reasons for being ethical: †¢ There is inner benefit. Virtue is its own reward. †¢ There is personal advantage. It is prudent to be ethical. It’s good business. †¢ There is approval. Being ethical leads to self-esteem, the admiration of loved ones and the respect of peers. †¢ There is religion. Good behavior can please or help serve a deity. †¢ There is habit. Ethical actions can fit in with upbringing or training. There are obstacles to being ethical, which include: †¢ The ethics of self-interest When the motivation for ethical behavior is self-interest, decision-making is reduced to risk-reward calculations. If the risks from ethical behavior are high – or the risks from unethical behavior are low and the reward is high – moral principles succumb to expediency. †¢ This is not a small problem 21 | P a g e Many people cheat on exams, lie on resumes, and distort or falsify facts at work. The real test of our ethics is whether we are willing to do the right thing even when it is not in our self-interest. †¢ The pursuit of happiness It depends on how one defines happiness. Our values, what we prize and desire, determine what we think will make us happy. We are free to pursue material goals and physical sensations, but that alone rarely (if ever) leads to enduring happiness. It more often results in a lonely, disconnected, meaningless existence. The morally mature individual finds happiness in grander pursuits than money, status, sex and mood-altering substances. A deeper satisfaction lies in honoring universal ethical values, that is, values that people everywhere believe should inform behavior. That unity between principled belief and honorable behavior is the foundation for real happiness. †¢ Ethical Principle in Advertising All advertising should be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Every advertisement should be prepared with a due sense of social responsibility and should conform to the principles of fair competition, as generally accepted in business. No advertisement should be such as to impair public confidence in advertising. †¢ Decency Advertisements should not contain statements or visual presentations which offend prevailing standards of decency †¢ Honesty Advertisements should be so framed as not to abuse the trust of consumers or exploit their lack of experience or knowledge. †¢ Social Responsibility 22 | P a g e 1. Advertisements should not condone any form of discrimination, including that based upon race, national origin, religion, sex or age, nor should they in any way undermine human dignity. 2. Advertisements should not (without justifiable reason) play on fear. 3. Advertisements should not appear to condone or incite violence, or to encourage unlawful or reprehensible behavior. 4. Advertisements should not play on superstition. †¢ Truthful presentation Advertisements should not contain any statement or visual presentation which directly or by implication, omission, ambiguity or exaggerated claim is likely to mislead the consumer, in particular with regard to: 1. characteristics such as: nature, composition, method and date of manufacture, range of use, efficiency and performance, quantity, commercial or geographical origin or environmental impact; 2. the value of the product and the total price actually to be paid; 3. delivery, exchange, return, repair and maintenance; 4. terms of guarantee; 5. copyright and industrial property rights such as patents, trade marks, designs and models and trade names; 6. official recognition or approval, awards of medals, prizes and diplomas; 7. the extent of benefits for charitable causes. 8. Advertisements should not misuse research results or quotations from technical and scientific publications. Statistics should not be so presented as to exaggerate the validity of advertising claims. Scientific terms should not be used to falsely ascribe scientific validity to advertising claims. †¢ Comparisons 23 | P a g e Advertisements containing comparisons should be so designed that the comparison is not likely to mislead, and should comply with the principles of fair competition. Points of comparison should be based on facts that can be substantiated and should not be unfairly selected. †¢ Unassembled Merchandise When advertised merchandise requires partial or complete assembly by the purchaser, the advertising should disclose that fact, e. g. , â€Å"unassembled,† â€Å"partial assembly required. † †¢ Testimonials Advertisements should not contain or refer to any testimonial or endorsement unless it is genuine, verifiable, relevant and based on personal experience or knowledge. Testimonials or endorsements that have become obsolete or misleading through passage of time should not be used †¢ Portrayal or imitation of personal property Advertisements should not portray or refer to any persons, whether in a private or a public capacity, unless prior permission has been obtained; nor should advertisements without prior permission depict or refer to any person’s property in a way likely to convey the impression of a personal endorsement. †¢ Exploitation of goodwill Advertisements should not make unjustifiable use of the name, initials, logo and/or trademarks of another firm, company or institution nor should advertisements in any way take undue advantage of another firm, person or institution’s goodwill in its name, trade name or other intellectual property, nor should advertisements take advantage of the goodwill earned by other advertising campaigns. †¢ Imitation 24 | P a g e 1. Advertisements should not imitate the general layout, text, slogan, visual presentation, music and sound effects, etc. , of any other advertisements in a way that is likely to mislead or confuse the consumer. 2. Where advertisers have established distinctive advertising campaigns in one or more countries, other advertisers should not unduly imitate these campaigns in the other countries where the former may operate, thus preventing them from extending their campaigns within a reasonable period of time to such countries

Btec Level Extended Diploma in Music

Over the past three decades, in the recording studio a widespread of technical changes have occurred. This has changed music on a whole. Factors such as studio production, the role of the producer and the recording engineer have also been altered drastically in music by technology. The Internet, digital formats and industry progressions are known to have caused changes too. Particularly, the computer industry introduced many digital technologies over these decades. At the same time, the music Industry changed as did customer habits. As a result, current production raciest have been shaped by several outside influences that include both technical and business factors, Since the us, the computer, music. And audio Industries have begun to influence one another. Over the past few decades there have been many changes in the Music Industries; many changes which have impacted studio production. Throughout recording history the music industry part has been to make a profit of recorded music. The commercial advertising and distribution of recorded music is definitely the greatest motivating factor driving both the audio and cording industries.This is a result of changes in the sales of recordings lead to changes In the adoption of technology and also to the development of studio production. Major labels control most of the market which is why we have a lot of what we call mainstream music. There are Independent labels, but Major labels basically still control what music Is recorded and distributed. The music industry has come a long way since those dreadful days of the mono recordings. Back then, artists, producers, and engineers didnt have as much of a choice of what equipment that loud use to get their recordings done.With the advancement In technology and new innovations constantly being created in the music industry, the opportunities are endless. If you look up the definition of technology you will see the words industry and commerce, which to me just means growth and development. Technology has and will continue to influence growth and development in the music Industry. With the growth of technology, the technical end of producing and engineering has become somewhat a quicker task. For example, the introduction of yester real time messages synchronized drum machines, sequences and other rhythmic devices.System real time messages are dropped into the data stream as required, and have priority over other messages In order to mainstream synchronization at all times. In other advances in technology has allowed these devices to operate with timing clocks so everything does not have to be done completely be hand anymore. As music production and recording systems become more complex and sophisticated, the need for intuitive, easy to use controls over then came essential if they are to be used effectively.Technology has made music systems become more and more sophisticated, so the tasks involved in the successful control of these systems has become Increasingly complex. Technology has also brought about a new language to go with the systems we use in the industry today. Language, youre only half way there. Technology has not only brought about new systems on which we make music but a whole language to go with it. There is enough terminology that goes with the applications to fill a small dictionary.

Ways of a DJ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ways of a DJ - Essay Example The first consideration in becoming a DJ then is acquiring the necessary equipment. While there is nearly an endless amount of technology or equipment that DJ’s have incorporated, all DJ’s must have some basic technology. In terms of basic technology, it is necessary that DJ’s first purchase two turntables ("discjockey101"). Turntables are the actual systems that play the records. While turntables are recognized as an antiquated technology, they are necessary for DJ’s as this allows them to ‘spin’ or manipulate the record to achieve a particular effect of speed. One remembers that speed is highly important in the club environment, as with record speed the DJ control the mood and overall ambiance of the experience. The necessity of having two turntables is to ensure that there is always music being played. In this way the DJ prepares one song to coincide directly with the end of the next song. In addition to two turntables, it is necessary for a DJ to have headphones, RCA stereo cables, and a DJ mixer. The DJ mixer is a complex piece of equipment that is nonetheless essential for the DJ’s job. This piece of equipment has a crossfader. The crossfader allows the DJ to switch the music from the first turntable to the second turntable. Specifically, this instrument fades the music between the two turntables to ensure that the transition is seamless. ... One of the most overarching considerations when choosing which records to match is the drumbeat. The drumbeat is highly important, as it is this element that most dominantly influences dancing within the club ("mahola"). Another prominent consideration relates to the song’s introduction and conclusion. These elements are referred to as the ‘intro’ and ‘outro’. These elements are highly important as they allow the DJ to find unique or seamless elements in combing songs. While the ‘outro’ generally refers to the song’s ending, it is also possible for a song to have a break point. The break out is a period in the song when the DJ can seamlessly transition from it to the next song. While the drumbeat is very important consideration, there are also recognitions involving BPM. BPM refers to beats per minute. The beats per minute are essential as it designates a specific speed of record that is necessary for the club’s specific atm osphere. Additionally, beats per minute designate specific genres of dance music. Generally hip-hop songs are under 115 beats per minute. Hard-house songs are over 125 BPM. Finally, drum and base, and Jungle music are nearly twice as fast as hip-hop music, as they are between 160 to over 200 beats per minute. In terms of the specific process of beat matching, DJs must listen for the ‘outro’ of the first song. They then match the ‘outro’ of the first song with the first beat of the ‘intro’ of the new song. In this way there is a seamless transition as the ending of the first song matches the beat of the next. A final consideration in terms of beat matching is the volume and pitch. DJ equipment allows the DJ to set a specific volume and pitch for each turntable. It is then necessary to have the same

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business management - Essay Example On the other hand behavioral theory argues out that any individual who can adopt a behavior that is appropriate can be considered to be a good leader. Behaviors could be learned in an easier manner than traits making the leaders to access all behaviors. As opposed to the trait theory that believes that all leaders may be born, behavioral theory argues out that leaders may not be born. The process of leadership can be learned thus not automatic. Different leaders are made through hard work and efforts. The behavioral theory argues out that managers’ potential of leadership can be could be trained to leadership that is effective thus leadership needs to be combined together with management so as to obtain significant outcome. In this regard, the theories of behavior are based on the idea that leaders are normally made instead being born. With this basis, the theory of behaviourism focus on the leaders actions instead of traits. Transformational leadership is a leadership style that facilitates morale, performance, and motivation of the followers by using various mechanisms. The first mechanism include having the follower’s identity and self sense connected towards the project and an organization’s identity. The second mechanism is challenging the followers for them to assume a great working ownership. The third mechanism involves serving as a role model of the followers hence inspiring them and boosting their interest. The last mechanism involves getting to know the weaknesses and the strengths of the followers for the leader to align the followers with tasks for enhancement of their performance. An organization that will call for transformational leadership is an organization whose workers need their needs to be addresses, for them to rise beyond self interest for the organizational sake. This is an organization whose workers have a consciousness level considered as below the optimal level o f the

CELLULAR PATHOLOGY- Staining protocols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CELLULAR PATHOLOGY- Staining protocols - Essay Example Several tissue components can be demonstrated by this stain. It is an important diagnostic tool in most clinical settings. Substances that consist of glycol groups or alkylamino and amino derivatives are normally oxidized to form. An insoluble pink/magenta chromogen is later formed after these dialdehydes Periodic acid combines with the Schiff’s reagent. In tissue sections PAS positive substances include: Amyloid, cartilage, collagen, mucins, glycogen, and basement membranes among others, together with some organisms such as fungi. Method: As per the hand-out Results: Figure 1: shows Glycogen detection in the liver with PAS Figure 2: Shows PAS stain with diastase in the Hepatocytes Detection of the liver with glycogen storage disease. Figure 3: Represents mucins PAS stain (Intestine Alcain Blue). Figure 4: Shows Kidney tissue section, with Bowman’s capsule. Discussion i) Glycogen Most carbohydrates are broken down by the body from the foods we eat; it is further convert ed to a sugar type referred to as glucose. The main fuel source for the cells is glucose. When glucose is no longer needed by the body for energy, it is stored in the muscles and liver. The glucose stored consists of many connected glucose molecules referred to as glycogen. When a quick energy boost is required by the body in cases where the body is not receiving any glucose from food, there is break down of glycogen that results to glucose release into the bloodstream to generate fuel for the cells.( Knebelmann et al,1996) Glycogen demonstration in tissue sections, for example for the liver section tissues, it can be used to differentiate between normal liver tissue and the abnormal liver tissue by looking at the morphology. The liver is the main organ that stores glycogen. Any observation made after staining of the liver tissue that is different from typical liver tissue staining will indicate that the tissue is not normal hence diseased. For example, liver and fatty liver cells, scar tissue (fibroblasts) can be used to differentiate between normal and abnormal liver tissues( hepatocytes) after staining because of the absence of glycogen in normal cells. The diastase use in enzymes digestion of glycogen acts as a control. Hence, two slides comparison can show an area occupied by glycogen. PAS Stains glycogen but there can be pre-digestion of tissue with diastase in order to remove glycogen. Clinical Implication of PAS Stain of Glycogen We have various GSD types.   Individuals with GSD are born with it.   In GSD, there is storage of abnormal glycogen amount in the liver. For an individual with GSD: The liver is not able to regulate the use of glucose and glycogen. Certain enzymes involved in the regulation of the conversion of glucose into glycogen or glucose release from glycogen are not present.  Ã‚   At least 10 different GSDs types do exist. These types are placed in categories based on the missing enzyme. The GSD forms that are most common includes : types I, III and IV. One in every 20,000 individuals can have a type of GSD. GSD I, also referred to as von Gierke condition: Is caused by enzyme Glucose-6-Phosphatase deficiency.   GSD III, also referred to as Cori disease:  Is caused by debrancher enzyme deficiency. This leads to the body forming molecules of glycogen with abnormal structure. This unusual structure prevents the breakdown of glycogen into free glucose as well.   GSD IV also referred to as amylopectinosis:   increased glycogen amount in the tissues is not experienced. Instead, the building up

Organizational Behavior Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Behavior - Annotated Bibliography Example Go-To-People are analytical, aggressive, intuitive, humble, patient, confident, deliberate and decisive. In addition they know how well the organization work, know how to use power when it is needed and think outside the box. 3. Go-To-People can be found anywhere in any department of the company and might be very learned or new graduates as well as someone with just formal education. The organization can find them through interviews by asking tricky questions and see how the employees respond. The organization can also find them by looking for talents within the organization. Or creating challenging projects which will help bring out the characteristics of Go-To-People person. 4. Go-To-People should be nurtured by keeping them challenged, recognizing their efforts and rewarding them thus building their career. Usually they work hard but their efforts go unnoticed and this demoralizes them, hence it is necessary for the organization to recognize the value they bring and reward them appropriately. 1. This article describes the ABC model that can be used by managers to obtain desired behavior and performance from employees by providing a positive feedback. The ideas in this article are the A which is ‘action’, B which is ‘because’, C which is ‘could we?’ and finally the conclusion which determines the outcome of the feedback. 2. â€Å"A† focuses on a specific issue and how the feedback conversation should be carried out. This requires data collection first to determine the issue of concern and the managers should be able to raise the topic without provocation or judgment of the employee being addressed. The use of data and facts is important in this step to ensure that both parties have the same information. A proper â€Å"A† statement will lead to a positive feedback. 3. â€Å"B† looks at why the issue in step A is brought up and the need to address it as well as its impact. This involves accountability and the

Project Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Plan - Assignment Example The company is getting really good business in the information management domain niche and the growth for the next three halves is projected to be 60%. The Human resources are also projected to increase by more than 100% to cover up this cost. In order to reside the increasing number of employees, the organization will be occupying two more floors in the same building. Therefore, to catch up this growth and increasing business, the organization needs to modify its current strategy that pertains to two main drivers of its business: the operations strategy across the business and the human resource need of the business. The scope of this project plan covers how this business will react to increase demands of the business. It is obvious that we need to upgrade our existing systems that are used for extracting data from silos and legacy systems. Moreover, the Web Analytics system hardware needs to be optimized since it’s not able to handle the increasing volumes of data. There is also a need to ensure the security of networks and storage media. A consideration should also be given to fine tuning the software as service and cloud based computing methodology that are to be adopted in near future for the increasing requirement of the business. For implementing this scope of changes, certain controls need to be enacted while changes to some are to be made. In all, following are the controls that need implementation in the current organization setup (these controls cover the overall steps that the organization needs to take and doesn’t focus solely on one specific department): Human resources will go through a new compensation information system program that will strictly monitor their work and compensation Finance department will now enact formal accounting procedures and payroll systems Branding activities and budgets will now be officially audited through the main finance system Project Managers would have to submit their project progress on weekly basis to the executive management and other team members would be putting their daily timesheets or work report to their designated line manager Clients will be billed 50% in advance because there have been incidents of credit locks in the recent past. This will be done as soon as the project is signed Several authentication controls will be added to the existing list. New controls like biometrics, cryptographs and smart cards will be given to employees based on their roles and privileges (Cavoukian & Stoianov, 2007). Networks needs to be segregated based on clients, personal users and corporate users. Middleware for legacy systems will be separated from the main system. Honeycomb networks will also be implemented which will not only act as sacrificial network but will also provide an eye on insider or proposed outsider sniffing activity Work-areas will be separated. The first floor will be designated for main IT and support for operations. Floor two will have operations and third floor would be separated for client engagements and executive’s residence. The reception will decide where to send each guests and will issue them smart cards based on access levels and privileges Systems for testing and development will be an exact replica of live system to ensure timely back-ups and disaster recovery activities Source Control will be in place for each project, regardless of its size or client. Incremental backups will be the closing process of the day. Full backups are time consuming and expensive Goals and Objectives of the Plan Following are the goals and objectives of this plan: To ensure that project deadlines are met in a timely fashion To ensure that changes in the

The Influence of Computers, Interactive Games, and the Internet on a Essay

The Influence of Computers, Interactive Games, and the Internet on a Childs Multicultural Worldview - Essay Example 332). According to the author of the above article, parents ought to allow children make their own discoveries about other cultures as opposed to trying to make them understand. In a society where multi-culture exists, children have an opportunity to help reduce cases of stereotyping if only parents let them hobnob with other children. However, many times, parents tend to teach children about other cultures and in the process extend the discrimination to them. Teachers play a significant role in ensuring the maximum benefits of these games (Shaw and Linebarger, p.334). While there is a debate as to whether computers affect children negatively, Shaw and Linebarger claimed that there are some applications specifically developed for learning purposes. For instance, edutainment is an application created solely for learning purposes. Console and Apple games are others, which fit, in a similar category. In order for these games to be effective in the learning process, Shaw and Linebarger suggested that â€Å"games used in schools should present authentic challenges, allow exploration of alternative possibilities and consequences, imbue cultural appropriateness, and provide meaning and opportunities for reflection† (p.336). Notwithstanding this suggestion, the challenge has been on how to allow the children use the gadgets on their own. Shaw and Linebarger stated that for these gadgets to be useful, it is imperative for the children to be allowed to explore various cultures without having to worry about reprisal (p.337). The importance of this option is that it allows the children fully understand other cultures. Moreover, their own perceptions towards other cultures are normally challenged thus helping in cultural prejudices. However, in the midst of all these benefits of the games and other computer application lies the danger of children identifying themselves with the cultures in the games. Interestingly, children tend to identify themselves with these

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Research Proposal - Essay Example Information on the prevalence of obesity within the military is limited and usually relies on reported data on height and weight or on unrepresented smaller samples. According to Rona et al (2010), BMI is the usual indicator to assess overweight and obesity among army personnel but its validity is questionable because some people may have huge bodies but not obese. As such, in this proposal the author will make reasoned judgements and draw conclusions from these findings along with evaluating the significance of the assessment criteria used in monitoring obesity. Furthermore, the proposal also seeks to highlight the reason why the prevalence rate of obesity at the time of recruitment is low and subsequently increases over the years. The problem of obesity affects the military personnel in many ways. According to the World Health Organisation (2000) ‘Obesity is diagnosed as having a body mass index of 25 and over’. Thus the Ministry of Defence has adopted the WHO BMI char t and all personnel have their measurements taken and calculated as above and classified according to this chart. This will be further reviewed within this proposal. CONCLUSION Prevalence rates of obesity from this study should be viewed with caution as the sample studied is not representative of the UK Armed Forces. The true percentage of obesity could be higher since the sample is drawn from a small number of people. This research proposal aims to use a quantitative research method to evaluate the use of BMI and waist circumference to monitor obesity levels within the RAF. In turn this research proposal will highlight how BMI and waist circumference monitoring negatively reflects the obesity statistics in RAF personnel. Consequently the results of this research proposal will be used to: Highlight the importance of accurate measurements to assess obesity. In turn it will provide evidence to HQ Air to rethink current policy and perhaps adopt a tri service approach to tackling this p roblem in the future. INTRODUCTION Preventing obesity is essential within the military, not only to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions (Ogden, et al 2007) but also to increase fitness and operational preparedness. This is essential since it improves their performance and physical fitness. The prevalence of obesity in the United Kingdom Armed Forces has not previously been monitored. Military personnel undergo annual health examination dependent on trade/branch (Joint Service Publication, 346 Chapter 2, 2008 will be hereafter referred to as JSP). Despite these examinations, there appears to be a requirement for a more robust information system to estimate obesity within the military (Rona et al, 2011). According to the JSP 346 the assessment process appears to rely heavily on how healthcare staff interprets height and weight measurements in order to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI provides the most useful population-level measure of obesity as it is the same for both sexes and for all ages of adults (WHO, 2012). The notion that BMI should be used when assessing obesity is backed by US research (Rona, 2012). However, the drawback of this method is that an increase in BMI may not necessarily mean that a person is obese since military personnel have greater muscle mass than ordinary citizens. In 2006, the National Institute for Health and Clinical

Importance Of Privacy Scale Survey Essay Example for Free

Importance Of Privacy Scale Survey Essay A survey is a systematic process by which data is collected from or about people, places, or things with a description, comparison, and/or explanation relating to their knowledge, stance, and behavior. The process is made up of seven different activities: setting objectives in order to collect data, designing the study, preparing an unfailing and official survey mechanism, administering the survey, managing and examining the survey data, and eventually reporting the results. (Fink, 2002) The survey is conducted by inquiry where people give consent to be asked specified questions and they give answers as well. It may be completed orally, in written form, or visually. Surveys are also conducted visually to examine people’s reactions to a specific model. For example, surveys may be conducted to see how people react to the taste of certain juices. It is obvious that most people would not like a bitter juice while others will like juices like lemonade, which is sour, or kool-aid which is often sweet. In this specified survey, it is concerning issues with regard to intrusive measures of privacy in effort of preventing future terrorist attacks. Politicians need to be aware of how the public feels regarding these issues. The wording or phrasing of the questions allows the consenting public to give very direct answers concerning these issues. If the wording were different, the answers may be very vague; therefore, the poll would not obtain the results necessary to make the right improvements to take the essential measures to ensure safety. Also if the right survey instrument is not used, it may manipulate the survey negatively which makes it invalid and useless. It is very important to use the right methodology pertaining to the topic of the survey to acquire accurate results. By wording questions very similar, it allow the surveyor to attain a confirmation of the previous question making the answer more valid and more definite. I used this repetitive strategy for this reason and also to help eliminate bias that is sometimes found in conducting surveys. (â€Å"Opinion Poll†, 2009) The purpose of this survey is to provide the public with very basic questions concerning the approval of taking intrusive measures to aid in the prevention of future terrorist attacks. Politicians and the government alike are eager to know how the public feels about the topic of invading privacy for this reason and in order to obtain that specific information this survey is necessary. Works Cited Fink, A. (2002). The Survey Handbook. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc. Fink, A. (1995). How to Analyze Survey Data (Survey Kit, 8). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc. Opinion poll. (2009, March 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 02:39, March 31, 2009, from

Pain Consultants Essay Example for Free

Pain Consultants Essay Pain, as stated by Kozier, is considered to be the fifth vital sign in assessing a patient’s over-all health. Also, pain is whatever the patients says it is, hence, one cannot evaluate pain just by simply looking at the patient, because pain is relative, it is subjective. Pain is a very important aspect that many tend to neglect because of pain being tolerable at times, but its assessment is essential to the healthcare team to ensure that the patient is comfortable even during the course of his or her illness and to avoid complications. According to Bullock, pain can be indicative of complications such as infection or inflammation, tissue necrosis among others. For these reasons, pain management has taken on the next level in lessening or even eliminating a patient’s pain. The Pain Consultants of Atlanta or PCA aims to provide pain relief to patients with the use of precise and state-of-the-art equipment. The doctors behind PCA, who are all pain management specialists, believe that this is a biological need, and that people experiencing pain are not capable of going about with their activities of daily living, impeding the normality of their lives. The doctors who make up the PCA are all board certified anesthesiologists, and they make use of a fluoroscopy to guarantee accuracy and security for all, most especially in doing procedures such as, epidural steroid injections, discogram, lumbar sympathetic blockage, among others. Their clinics can be found at The Macquarium Suite, The Piedmont Hospital, Piedmont Fayette Hospital, Decatur, and Stockbridge. As a proud employee of this prestigious institution, I participate in the client’s healthcare assessment by preparing the client before consultation. I take the blood pressure and other patient vital signs, and make them comfortable before they see the doctor. The healthcare industry is one of the best industries in the world. You get to feel the benefits of knowing about health conditions and the satisfaction you get when the patients thank you is more than enough to get you through the day, what more if you help in ceasing their pain.

Developing Strategic Management and Leadership Skills

Developing Strategic Management and Leadership Skills TASK 1.1 Apart from its other management strategies, Virgin Atlantic has used Porters basic strategies to dwelling itself in the marketplace.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Accordingly, a corporation positions itself by consuming its strengths.  Today, more and more people and collections are struggling to be known in the business arena.   With this objective, these supervisions had been able to adeptly and effectively adjust to the situation in the market place by using general strategies that enhanced their enthusiasm.   There are five different common strategies that a company can choose.   These include leadership, diversity, focused management and integrated cost leadership/differentiation.   Each standard strategy helps the company to establish and exploit a modest advantage within a particular competitive scope. By applying these assets, three generic strategies are resulted: leadership, strategic differentiation and focus (Johnson..Scholes.1997).   One of the strategies operated by Virgin Atlantic is its ability to professionally promote its brand names all over the marketplace. This strategic promotion has made the airline companies to continuously be known locally and internationally when it comes to travel fulfilment and convenience. Alternative strategy that can be recognised to Virgin Atlantic as a whole is its skill to value their customers.   Here, the company has been able to shadow other airline industry to cut their service cost while providing outstanding service to their target marketplace. Lastly, the ability to strategically line up modern technology and it business strategy is the most important strategy that can be involved to Virgin Atlantic. In contrast, the Virgin Atlantic has considered their neighbour airlines as its competitors. Due to the deregulation of the European Airline, many airlines have been talented to cope with the changes and make a tactical move of entering in this travel business. One of the industries that open its marketplace to the airline industry is the Virgin Atlantic. Virgin Atlantic is regarded as one of the UKs largest planned airline. It is known for being such because of the strategies executed by the management of the airline industry (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2003). TASK 1.2 A companys strategy helps as the game plan management and is use to rod out a market position, manner its operations, attract and please consumers, compete successfully, and achieve structural objectives.   Thus, Total Quality Management (TQM) as a strategy is certainly appropriate for such situation.        Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Total Quality Management is a viewpoint of management that is driven by the constant achievement of customer satisfaction though the nonstop improvement of all organizational procedures (Robbins, 1998).   It is a management viewpoint that seeks to integrate all organizational purposes such as finance, design, marketing, engineering, customer service production, customer service, and others to focus on achiving customer needs and organizational objectives (Hashmi.2000). It is known that every organizations main purpose is to stay in business, so that it can promote the steadiness of the community, generate products and facilities that are useful to customers, and provide condition for the satisfaction and growth of organization associates.   From this perception, it can be said that TQM strategy for accomplishing its normative outcomes is embedded in different management and leadership styles.      Total Quality Management is a strategic procedure  for satisfying internal and external customers and dealers by integrating the business surroundings, continuous improvement, and come through with growth, progress, and safeguarding the cycles while changing organisational philosophy. Furthermore,  TQM is an array of management scheme throughout the organisation, geared to ensure that the organisation to continuously attain or exceed customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement (McNamara.1999).  Furthermore, Total Quality Management is extremely variable and adaptable. Although originally applied to manufacturing operations, and over the years only utilized in that area, TQM is now being recognised as a standard management appliance, just as applicable in service and public sector groups like the Virgin Atlantic airline industrie (Hashmi, -2004). The Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy of management is customer-oriented. Hence, the Virgin Atlantic operations must be developed in order to gradually deal with the improvement of their operation through the on-going contribution of all employees in problem solving determinations across functional and hierarchical borders. TQM incorporates the concepts of service class, process management, quality declaration, and quality perfection. Therefore, they must be able to control all alteration processes with regards to their operations and services to better satisfy customer requirements in the most economical way. In applying total quality management to this particular airline procedure, they must be able to chain it with the core strategy of the industries. This does not mean that such airline companies must have entire variations. It is important that in application of the Total Quality Management to the Virgin Atlantic operations and services they must also consider that an suitable strategy should be used in order to employ a total quality operations and facilities that would satisfy all clients and customers. TASK 1.3 CHALLENGE 1 Cost Reduction Strategy To achieve its goal of having a reasonable position in the airline market, Virgin Atlantic uses a cost reduction strategy. Such cost reduction strategy trusts on five main aspects like contracting out services, fleet commonality, airport charges and route guidelines, managed staff costs and productivity and managed marketing charges. With their purchase of aircraft Boeing 787- 9, Virgin Atlantic has been able to gain capacity and decreases the average age of fleet which means savings on maintenance costs and evading the fit of European Union-conform equipment on old feet. The next factor under the cost reduction strategy of Virgin Atlantic is narrowing out services.   In this manner, aircraft handling, handling, ticketing, and other functions are contracted out by Virgin Atlantic to third parties. In addition, in order to limit their expenses engine and weighty maintenance are also contracted out whereas the staff of Virgin Atlantic carries out routine maintenance.   Another issue for the cost reduction strategy of the company is in terms of airport charges and route policies. Herein, Virgin Atlantic has made sensible choice of dealing with secondary and regional airports, where the traffic is not blocked and fees incomparably lower. Since Virgin Atlantic, is a true bonus for such airports, the airline company has a bargaining power which enables it getting  favourable  access fees. In addition, Virgin Atlantic provides only a point-to-point provision, thus, it has no cost concerning connecting passengers.   Furthermore, the company pays special focus to on-time departures because it means maximising aircraft use. Managing staff budgets and productivity is another factor used for reducing the cost for Virgin Atlantic. In this manner, the company pays its staff on modest salary but has set up a performance related pay structure which impulses employees to maximize the number of sectors flown daily. This way, Virgin Atlantic both controls productivty and keeps staff costs down. CHALLENGE 2 Critical Success Factors      Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Although the company had encountered different difficulties, precisely in line with its cost structures, the company had been able to survive and grow in the market.   Virgin Atlantic implement different marketing strategy to make the company last in the competition and to be able to gain competitive position in the airline market.   It is said that the company was regarded recently as the most prompt airline between Dublin andLondon. And because of the strategy of the industry, Virgin Atlantic is now known as the second largest airline in United Kingdom having a network of over 57 routes in 11 countries and served by a number of fleet. In order to position itself in the marketplace the company continuously concentrates on driving own its costs to offer the lowest fares possible and remain profitable.   In addition, Virgin Atlantic offer minimum standards of service and very low prices for point-to-point, short haul flights.   The goal of Virgin Atlantic is to meet the needs of  travelling  at the lowest possible price.   The Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are as follows in airline industry: the strategic focus of having the lowest prices, being reliable within the marketplace, comfort and service and frequency.   It is noted that low-cost companies concentrate on this first critical success factor by trying to offer the lowest prices.   Although Virgin Atlantic has eliminated extras such as in-flight meals, advanced seat assignment, free drinks and other services, it still prioritizes features which remain important to its target market. Such features include frequent departures, advance reservations, baggage handling and consistent on-time services. TASK: 2 TASK 2.1 SWOT Analysis First is the Virgin Atlantic Strengths, there is no doubt that influence, values and legacy of Mr Bronson is one of their major strengths. Other advantage is that the business is privately owned which means they can manage the business well without the aid of following the governments restrictions. The business also set the good image and good marketing strategy which reflects in promoting each others business as part of the alliance. Since it is the first company that offers low prices, they also get a chance to lease the aircrafts. Another factor is the strong leadership team of the seniors who are qualified enough in leading the entire organization toward the competency. Second are the Weaknesses behind the Virgin Atlantic. Because of the different business try-outs of MR. Branson, he is also part of his businesss weakness. All of his proposed projects or business strategies affect his other business although it is successful and stable. Another weakness is the low return of cash flow because they offer low prices for the passengers and there is a high expenditure for maintenance of the aircraft and sustaining the quality of their service.     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Third are the Opportunities for the Virgin Atlantic. There are more cities open for another hospitality service and based on the smooth record of the airline, it is another success for them. Some of the large airline companies had experienced bankruptcy and it is a great opportunity and in addition, the European Union is on their side to support. Threats are the fourth analysis on the airlines. The rapid growth and change in the world economy is a factor of threat because of the New Airline Restrictions. Another is the competition and high prices on the cost of fuels, threats on the terrorism, over flight restrictions, and the new airline companies are the other existing threats. Other Strategy The possible strategies of the airline can be through the expansion of partnerships to broaden the service of the Virgin Alliance and start providing the quality of service in smaller markets. They can also try to invest in U.S. for there is a great possibility to capture the markets. Since the airline id popular because of their service offered, they can answer the needs of the customers in the cities where there is a large group of jetsetters and business class which is another advantage to increase the rate of return of the customers (2000). Although the advertising is effective, the company should make it more intense to stay well in the market competition. This will keep the airline be above the standard of their service. In addition, they can even try other marketing strategies. The existing credit cards can be valued and it is more applicable if the advertisement they will create is in the language the potential customers can understand. TASK 2.2 CLASSIC AIRLINE STRATEGIES Issue and Opportunity Identification Classic Airlines COULD commands a fleet of more 375 jets that serve 240 cities with more than 2300 daily flights. In the 25 years since it inception, Classic Airlines has grown to an organization of 32000 employees, and it earned $10 million on $8.7 billion in sales (Simulation, 2009). Classic in no stranger to the challenges that plague todays airlines. Increased uncertainty about flying has affected industry stock prices across the board, and Classic has seen a 10% decrease in share prices. The airline has been operating under a microscope watch, subject to scrutiny from all sectors. In addition, the raising cost, particularly of fuel and labor has limited Classics ability to compete for the valued frequent flier. To alleviate this problem, Classics Board of Directors recently mandated a 15 percent across-the-board cast reduction (Simulation, 2009). Although Classic has charge the company to implement a cost reduction, they must still find a way to increase its frequent flier program with methods that will demonstrate a measurable return on any investment. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas Classic stakeholder perspectives are to increase profitability and market share. It must also strengthen its programs and competitive position, while reducing their costs. The ethical dilemma that Classic Airline is facing is the morality of the company. The union representative has steered Classic relatively clear of major obstacles in an increasingly volatile union climate. However, they are concerned that Classic will be unable to meet its current and future obligations to its employees on their importance to the organization (Simulation-2009). This can become an ethical dilemma since must union work with contracts and not meeting their obligation can cause a legal problem as well. Frame the Right Problem This Airline aspires to remain a competitor in the industry. Their goals are to reduce cost and increase customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the company needs to increase sales and target customers that left to other airlines. Scorecards measurements will give results of marketing strategies in order to see if results are favourable. Describe the End-State Vision Airlines will implement marketing strategies to entice existing customers and new ones by delivering quality service and introducing better Classic Rewards programs. Utilizing more the CRM system will help monitor area that require improvement and deliver products that customer wants. To implement the changes a timeline will be put in place. The first half of the year improvement to the CRM system will take effect. This produce statistics needed to see results when the second half of the year new products, programs, and savings are implemented. TASK 3.1 Identify and Assess Risks Virgin Atlantic identified the need to improve their Classic Rewards program. The step that companies recently take in the new-product process to provide a needed focus for ideas and concepts developed in later stages. This statement help one understand that there a several steps to a new product that a company needs to take. Within those steps, many risk are taken that can affect stakeholders and different areas of the company, such as the budget of the company, Changes require new budgeting that a company might not have. Identify the Alternatives and Benchmarking Validation They need to identify alternatives for marketing strategies to help increase customer satisfaction, retain their loyal customers, acquire new cliental, decrease cost, raise morale, and establish new programs or enhance existing ones. To accomplish this, they need to perform benchmarking validation, with other companies, such as British Airways (BA). Some of BAs experiences can help set Classic Airlines in the right direction. To accomplish the changes Virgin Atlantic needed, the executive vice president and chief marketing officer should announce the expanded role of BAs marketing department with the establishment of an Innovation and Strategy group comprised of the following functions: Research and Development, Strategic Insights and Innovation, and Operations Innovation (Restaurant new resource, 2006). They also need to indicate that they have completely retooled and reinvigorated their development process, and their product pipeline is filled with a wide array of exciting options, this was accomplished by creating a single team responsible for driving and enhancing innovation at all levels. Evaluate the Alternatives Airlines marketing strategies were to increase customer satisfaction. As a result, this will increase profit, retain customers, and acquire new ones. Comparing to BAs, they were decreasing revenues, customer satisfaction, and certainly not acquiring new customers. In fact, the ones that stayed with Classic were flying less. Another alternative solution suggests is that they may want to get better CRM system that will help then products reports that tell them where they stand. These reports can segment for different elements such as customer evaluations, customer trends, and customer flying habits. Identify and Assess Risks They identified the need to improve their Classic Rewards program. The step that companies recently take in the new-product process to provide a needed focus for ideas and concepts developed in later stages (Kerin, R A, 2006). This statement help one understand that there a several steps to a new product that a company needs to take. Within those steps, many risk are taken that can affect stakeholders and different areas of the company, such as the budget of the company, Changes require new budgeting that a company might not have. TASK 4.1 Analysis on the future existence The airport dominance has grown competitive in the hospitality industry of every country. Accommodating this competitive growth is the role it plays in the helping the economy to survive. There is always a different philosophy in every business venture in the heads of the entrepreneurs and airlines are a huge investment that still on the case-to-case basis for survival. In addition, there is a regulation that is strictly implemented in the market which makes the competitive advantage hard to catch. The specific strategy that can be applied is out of interest in finding dominant position. This is the evolving issues for the changes that might happen inside an organization. The similarities, differences and crossing out of the unlikely process and procedures are the continuous methods applied in the intermediate term of the companys existence. Sustainable Competitive Advantage The Virgin Airlines outrageous connection to media gave the business a huge market competency advantage. The accessibility to the media such as television, radio, and even newspapers gave the business and the other business under the Virgin Group give the opportunity to promote each other. The leadership of Mr Richard Branson gave an incredible impact on this matter. TASK 4.2 MrBranson incorporated the business under the certain criteria or conditions.it should be in high quality; the business should promote innovation; provide a good value for the money; it should introduce a kind of challenge to existing alternatives; and it must be also with the sense of fun. Virgin Atlantic started back in 1984 with a single 747-200 and flying in route of London to New York. Aside from the gasoline, the business was fuelled with two ideas to offer low price and have a better service. Passengers are the treated as visitors and the business thought of the things to serve better meals, offer more entertainment, create fun, and acquire smiling and enthusiastic flight crews. For over the years, the airlines shook the industry with the project for innovation to provide the quality of service and entertainment. The airline is the first to offer two choices of meals, even in economy class, and spa-services. Thus, they became the industry most favourite in airlines and second largest long-haul carrier on the route of London to New York. The leadership of Mr Branson is felt by all of his flight crews and supports them in every step they create. The ingredients to success that Mr Branson formulated is first, he is unafraid to failures and instead of sticking with one you know, he proposes the idea of making great things if an entrepreneur knows one business, then he will know any business. Another is to focus on his employee and staying the course as if in placing the control over the business. The different entered businesses of Mr Branson are not all successful and there are many problems which are different on the leaders idealistic mind. Even if the Virgin Group failed at the other invested business, they still keep the values which is unique than the other organizations. Conclusion The Bransonism, taken from the name of Mr. Branson, believes in the idea that if the company grows larger and larger, the leader should treat the people working under him as human beings and as essential players of the organization. Moreover, he believes that a business will fail if he doesnt give it try for failures are the start of great things. And a leader should find the people who are good at motivating the others and getting the best out of people.  Virgin Airlines has expanded and reached the United States, Asia, and South Africa. Only Mr Branson set sights in building the domain in United States if he can tear down the barriers blocking foreign-owned airlines from offering routes the United States. Developing strategic management and leadership skills Developing strategic management and leadership skills The field of management deals with organizations. Our society could not exist or improve its present status without managers to guide it organizations. Thirty years ago, Peter Drucker, a noted management authority, proclaimed that effective management was becoming the main resource of developed nations, and that it was the most needed resource of developing nations. Functions of Strategic Management 1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Leading 4. Controlling Planning is considered to be the central function of management because it sets the pattern for the other activities to follow. Planning means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them (Richard Daft). Planning encompasses four elements:  · Evaluating environmental forces and organizational resources  · establishing a set of organizational goals  · Developing strategies and plans to achieve the stated goals  · formulating a decision-making process Organizing is the managerial function of making sure there are available the resources to carry out a plan. Organizing involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments (Richard Daft) Managers must bring together individuals and tasks to make effective use of people and resources. Three elements are essential to organizing:  · developing the structure of the organization  · Acquiring and training human resources  · Establishing communication patterns and networks Leading is another of the basic function within the management process Leading is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals (Richard Daft). Three components make up the leading function:  · Motivating employees  · Influencing employees  · forming effective groups The final phase of the management process is controlling. Controlling means monitoring employees activities, determining whether the organization is on target toward its goals, and making correction as necessary (Richard Daft ). Three basic components constitute the control function:  · Elements of a control system  · Evaluating and rewarding employee performance  · controlling financial, informational, and physical resources Improving Organizational Performance The performance is a global concept the represents the results of human activities. Organizational performance is the way in which an organization tries to be effective (Ricky W. Griffin). An organizations performance can be measured in many different ways. The most common ways are in terms of efficiency or effectiveness. If organizations are using their resources to attain their goals, the managers are effective. Finally, productivity is the level of output of goods and services achieved by the resources of an organization (Ricky W. Griffin) Effectiveness, efficiency, performance, and productivity are all important concepts for managers and organizations. Communicating and Implementing Change This work advances a stronger conceptual and empirical understanding of two broad, conceptual communicative treatments for implementing change: programmatic and participatory. These theoretical approaches are elucidated respectively through established communication models, activities, and strategies advanced by previous scholarship within the communication and business disciplines. This article concludes with potential strategies for advancing for research in this arena. Developing and Leading High Performance Team High performing teams at all levels are essential for achieving outstanding organizational performance. This is especially so in situations of rapid or major change and during crises. Each team should have: 1. Common vision, objective and direction. 2. High standards. 3. Mutual respect, trust and accountability. 4. Individual sense of responsibility. 5. A sense of team identity. 6. High motivation and team energy. Definitions of Leadership Mintzbergs observations and research indicate that diverse manager activities can be organized into ten roles. For an important starting point, all ten rules are vested with formal authority over an organizational unit. From formal authority comes status, which leads to various interpersonal relations, and from these comes access to information, which, in turn, enables the manager to make decisions and strategies. The figurehead role: Every manager must perform some duties of a ceremonial nature. These activities are important to the smooth functioning of an organization. The leader role: This role involves leadership. The leader role encompasses relationships with subordinates, including motivation, communication, and influence. The liaison role: in which the manager makes contacts inside and outside the organization with a wide range of people: subordinates, clients, business associates, government, trade organization officials, and so on. The monitor role: This role involves seeking current information from many sources. The disseminator role: In their disseminator role, managers pass information to other, both inside and outside the organization. The spokesperson role: In their spokesman role, managers send some of their information to people outside the organization about company policies, needs, actions, or plans. The entrepreneur role: In his entrepreneur role, managers search for improvement his unit to adopt it to changing conditions in the environment. The disturbance handler role: This role involves responding to high-pressure disturbances. The resource allocator role: In their resource allocator role, managers make decisions about how to allocate people, budget, equipment, time and other resources to attain desired outcomes. The negotiator role: The negotiations are duties of the managers job. These activities involve formal negotiations and bargaining to attain outcomes for the managers unit responsibility. Followership The Courageous Follower is a contemporary classic that redefines the power and responsibility of followership, the role of many who must support, confront, engage, foster, and leverage the talents and wisdom of their leaders. Direct versus Indirect Leadership The direct leadership is about giving dictations to your people and maybe enforcing yourself as a leader while the Indirect type of leadership has to do with like having thousands of followers without even possessing the role of leadership. The indirect leadership has to do with influencing others and making them your followers indirectly by inspiring them through the character, charisma etc. Leadership is not about ruling people like subjects and taking it for granted; its about presenting you as someone who people think should be followed for guidance. Its about winning the minds and hearts of people. 1.2 Management and Leadership Style Autocratic Autocratic leadership can be said to be synonymous to dictatorship where only one person has the authority over the followers or workers. Their decision has to be taken as the golden rule and should never be questioned. They plan out everything and order their subordinates to work according to their rules. For instance, if a company has an autocratic leader as the Managing Director, the employees in the company would have to work as per the rules set down by him. Bureaucratic This style of leadership follows a close set of standards. Everything is done in an exact, specific way to ensure safety and/or accuracy. You will often find this leadership role in a situation where the work environment is dangerous and specific sets of procedures are necessary to ensure safety. Charismatic Charismatic Leaders, who are building a group, whether it is a political party, a cult or a business team, will often focus strongly on making the group very clear and distinct, separating it from other groups. They will then build the image of the group, in particular in the minds of their followers, as being far superior to all others. The Charismatic Leader will typically attach themselves firmly to the identify of the group, such that to join the group is to become one with the leader. In doing so, they create an unchallengeable position for themselves. Laissez-Faire Laissez faire style simply means a delegate approach to leadership. Many researchers have found out that those children, who grow under laissez-faire leadership establishments, happen to be the less productive in any group. This was also reinforced by these children making more demands upon their leader, as researchers have come to ascertain, amidst showing little in terms of cooperation as well as the inability to work more independently. Persuasive Persuasion is an essential proficiency for all leaders, requiring you to move people toward a position they dont currently hold. You must not only make a rational argument, but also frame your ideas, approaches and solutions in ways that appeal to diverse groups of people with basic human emotions. Any direct attempt to persuade may provoke colleagues to oppose and polarize. Because persuasion is learning and negotiating process, it must include three phases: discovery, preparation and dialogue. Participative The participative leadership style, also known as the participative democratic leadership style, is a very essential factor in todays business sector, which does the job of creating and maintaining healthy relationships between the employees and their leaders. This is probably the best type of corporate leadership style that necessarily allows employees to give suggestions and take some of the crucial decisions, along with their manager. However, the final decision rests on the manager himself. Culture of Organization Organizational culture is an idea in the field of organizational studies and management which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization. It has been defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. Characteristics of Manager A good manager is the one who can manage his organization successfully and profitably. The characteristics of a best manager is he should be able to understand every team members strengths and weaknesses and utilize every members abilities at his/her best in the interest of the organization and motivate the staff, understand and acknowledge every staff members efficiency and reward them accordingly. A good manager is like the good leader who doesnt say do it but says lets do it. Adapting Management and Leadership Styles Leading is something we cant learn in the abstract. Weve got to do it. Theres not always a choice as to who well lead, and you have to be willing to change the how. The steady slugger who wants to be alone; the creative fireball whos frequently missing; the expert with personal problems; all has contributions to make. They need different approaches to bring out their best, and we have to adapt the way you lead. Chapter-2 Support Organizational Direction 2.1 Theories Transformation Leadership Theory Transformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. Enacted in its authentic form, transformational leadership enhances the motivation, morale and performance of his followers through a variety of mechanisms. Transactional Leadership (Bennis, Bass) Transactional leadership is a term used to classify a formally known group leadership theories that inquire the interactions between leaders and followers. A transactional leader focuses more on a series of transactions. This person is interested in looking out for oneself, having exchange benefits with their subordinates and clarifies a sense of duty with rewards and punishments to reach goals. Charismatic Leadership (Weber, Corger, and kanungo) Max Webers conceptualization of charismatic authority as a force for change has had a profound influence on the ideas and research of social scientists for several decades. The article explores the impact of Webers conceptualization upon one particular group of researchers-the organizational behaviorists. Starting in the 1970s, they began to formulate theoretical models of charismatic leadership in organizational settings and undertook empirical investigations. Similarly to Weber, they saw charismatic leadership as a force for change in organizations. This article examines Webers conceptualization of charisma as a force for transformation; explores the extent of his impact on organizational research of the 1980s and 1990s; and draws attention to neglected areas of his theory that have important implications for future research. Contingency Theory (Feidler) The contingency model emphasizes the importance of both the leaders personality and the situation in which that leader operates. A leader is the individual who is given the task of directing and coordinating task-relevant activities, or the one who carries the responsibility for performing these functions when there is no appointed leader. Situational Theories Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard5 (a co-author of the One Minute Manager) identified a three-dimensional approach for assessing leadership effectiveness: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leaders exhibit task behavior (the extent to which leaders are likely to organize and define the roles of followers and direct the work) and relationship behavior. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The effectiveness of the leader depends on how his or her leadership style interrelates with the situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The willingness and ability (readiness) of an employee to do a particular task is an important situational factor. 2.2 Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence is the ability, capacity, skill or, in the case of the trait EI model, a self-perceived ability to identify, assesses, and controls the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups. Different models have been proposed for the definition of EI and there is disagreement about how the term should be used. Despite these disagreements, which are often highly technical, the ability-EI and trait-EI models enjoy support in the literature and have successful applications in various domains. Constrainer and Enablers Some of the constraints that may affect the process improvement and change efforts are Cultural and Behavioral Factors, Organizational Structure, and Technology.    These factors influence incremental and fundamental improvement efforts.    The initiatives weaken because of a companys failure to consider these constraints, which in turn, limits success of the plan. The organizations, which are more inept to change, thrive on change.    Smaller organizations may have the same constraints if the environment is designed Studies on Emotional Quotient Golemans model outlines four main EI constructs: Self-awareness the ability to read ones emotions and recognize their impact while using gut feelings to guide decisions. Self-management involves controlling ones emotions and impulses and adapting to changing circumstances. Social awareness the ability to sense, understand, and react to others emotions while comprehending social networks Relationship management the ability to inspire, influence, and develop others while managing conflict 2.3 Applicability to Support Organization Direction Efficiency Efficiency in general describes the extent to which time or effort is well used for the intended task or purpose. It is often used with the specific gloss of relaying the capability of a specific application of effort to produce a specific outcome effectively with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort. Efficiency has widely varying meanings in different disciplines. Reliability In general, reliability (systemic def.) is the ability of a person or system to perform and maintain its functions in routine circumstances, as well as hostile or unexpected circumstances. Innovation Innovation can therefore be seen as the process that renews something that exists and not, as is commonly assumed, the introduction of something new. Furthermore this makes clear innovation is not an economic term by origin, but dates back to the middle Ages at least and possibly even earlier. Adaption Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat. This process takes place over many generations, and is one of the basic phenomena of biology. The term adaptation may also refer to a feature which is especially important for an organisms survival. Human Resource Human resource is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals. This function title is often abbreviated to the initials HR. Organizations and Subunits An organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including: corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and universities. A subunit is a subdivision of an official unit. Unit codes of subunits end in a non-zero number between -001 and -999. While official units represent official academic or administrative university entities, subunits are established to allow for more granular control over funds or workflow within the official unit. Subunits are typically associated with individuals, programs, or projects. Business start up versus Established Despite their similarities, start-up companies and established small businesses can be dramatically different when it comes to funding. Established small businesses usually have modest profits and rarely become huge money makers. Start-ups, on the other hand, often have lofty ambitions and the possibility of becoming huge businesses in the future. Turnaround Leadership 1. Leadership during a turnaround is very different from business as usual leadership, find out how if differs 2. If you are not comfortable with this best practices leadership style, then you must find someone who is 3. This leadership style works but can lead to confusion and resentment, find out why Chapter-3 Assess Leadership Requirement 3.1 Assess Leadership Requirements The first and most basic prerequisite for leadership is the desire to lead. After all, becoming an effective leader takes hard work. If were not prepared to work hard at developing your leadership skills or if, deep down, were really not sure whether you want to lead or not, we will struggle to become an effective leader. Virtual Organization A virtual organization is not business as usual. It requires a new management approach and an incredible awareness of the issues and challenges that could cause its demise. In a recent focus group represented by twenty members of a single virtual organization, but located at numerous site locations, the following challenges were recorded: 1. Communication 2. Leadership/management 3. Knowledge transfer 4. Processes 5. Infrastructure Diversity The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences.   These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies.   Globalization Globalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade. The term is most closely associated with the term economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, the spread of technology, and military presence. Economic Climate General economic environment comprising of the attitude of the government and lending institutions toward businesses and business activity, attitude of labor unions toward employers, current taxation regimen, inflation rate, and such. E-Leadership E-leadership is no different from any other form of effective leadership except that in e-leadership you have no option but to be very good at it. It requires a high level of transformational leadership because of the highly participative nature of the e-world between E-organizations and e-customers and the interconnectedness between leader and follower with the ever-increasing reality of the blurred lines between the two. Mergers and Takeovers In  a general sense,  mergers and  takeovers are very similar corporate actions they combine two previously separate firms into a single legal entity. Significant operational advantages can be obtained when two firms are combined and, in fact,  the goal of most  mergers and acquisitions is to improve company performance and shareholder value  over the long-term. Restructuring Restructuring is the corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal, ownership, operational, or other structures of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable, or better organized for its present needs. Alternate reasons for restructuring include a change of ownership or ownership structure, demerger, or a response to a crisis or major change in the business such as bankruptcy, repositioning, or buyout. Restructuring may also be described as corporate restructuring, debt restructuring and financial restructuring. Integrity Leadership There is a connection between trust and integrity, but trust is a broader concept. People need to be competent to earn our trust, not just honest. To be a credible candidate for any job, a person needs the skills and personal qualities to be effective in the role. Integrity is also broader than honesty. In addition to being honest, leaders with integrity must behave ethically. A criminal could be honest while breaking the law. Partnership and Alliances The Managing Partnerships and Strategic Alliances programmed focuses on deepening your understanding of the strategic foundation, the governance structure and the dynamics of the collaborative process. The programmed discusses the problems and stumbling blocks in selecting, negotiating and managing alliances. Throughout this intensive programmed, both practical and theory are carefully balanced so that you learn not only the frameworks, but also the key behaviors and cross-cultural competencies that lead to collaborative success. Regulatory Compliance In general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law. Regulatory compliance describes the goal that corporations or public agencies aspire to in their efforts to ensure that personnel are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws and regulations. Interim Leadership Recognizing that management teams may lack experience in turning around a business, we introduce experienced turnaround professionals who can step into executive or advisory roles in the business, such as chairmen, CEOs, CFOs, chief restructuring officers, operations, marketing, human resources, non-executive directors and advisers/mentors to boards. Chapter-4 Plans of Leadership Skills 4.1 Development of Leadership Skills The leadership skill set in the book comprehensively covers the subject of managing people, from A to Z. It includes how to effectively deal with stress and 22 problematic workplace conditions and behaviors such as bosses, bureaucracy, negative attitudes and personality clashes. Whether we manage one person or thousands, these clearly defined leadership skills are your script for achieving excellence. Different Methods of developing leaders Great content delivered well is not enough to help individuals change their behaviors. Assuming good content and capable personnel, the structure of a learning initiative and the methods used to convey knowledge will either ensure success or guarantee failure. Self help and developmental activities Training Courses People need a reason to change. Establish new programs that reward the individuals that are ready to step up. When employees see the advantage of leadership they are going to change their behavior. These do not have to only have to be financial incentives. There are a variety of ways to reward employees. People love to be recognized. It is a good idea to show gratitude through having an employee of the month or posting success stories in the company news letter. Job Rotation Job rotation is an approach to management development where an individual is moved through a schedule of assignments designed to give him or her breadth of exposure to the entire operation. Job rotation is also practiced to allow qualified employees to gain more insights into the processes of a company, and to reduce boredom and increase job satisfaction through job variation. Seminars Sometimes the traditional approach has its place delivering learning to large or small groups. Some company uses this method as part of a wider blended learning initiative. By itself a group seminar is, in our view, an ineffective method of conveying learning. Executive Coaching High impact and participant focused; get one to one coaching right and you can transform individual performance great goals, great techniques, and great results. Mentoring Mentoring is to support and encourage people to manage their own learning in order that they may maximize their potential, develop their skills, improve their performance and become the person they want to be. Action Learning Physical activity can be a powerful medium for promoting learning. A team exercise, indoors or outdoors, can bring insights that hours of discussion would fail to reveal. The secret is in debrief and in designing activities to fit with the messages and objectives of an overall initiative. Self Directed Learning Self directed learning is a way of creating a situation where learning is owned by the individual and aligned with organizational needs. Individuals take responsibility for decisions about their learning and work with others to achieve it. Figure: The PRO Model of self-directed learning Reading Articles Reading is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the readers prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practices, development, and refinement. Changing Methodology in Leadership This model around change leadership came to be when a man named Aaron Antonowsky was doing a health study. He study women and menopause in Israel and part of his study group were women who had been confined to concentration camps during the Second World War. Learning from Mistakes Simple: Mistakes that are avoidable but your sequence of decisions made inevitable. Having the power go out in the middle of your party because you forgot to pay the rent, or running out of beer at said party because you didnt anticipate the number of guests. Involved: Mistakes are that are understood but require effort to prevent. Regularly is arriving late to work/friends, eating fast food for lunch every day, or going bankrupt at your start-up company because of your complete ignorance of basic accounting. Complex: Mistakes that have complicated causes and no obvious way to avoid next time. Examples include making tough decisions that have bad results, relationships that fail, or other unpleasant or unsatisfying outcomes to important things. Developing Leadership versus Recruiting as Needed The concept of leadership competency development is discussed with an emphasis on the historical approaches versus contemporary requirements. Issues surrounding the notion of inherent leadership talent as compared with developing leadership capabilities are contrasted with the need for some systematic framework from which to address the leadership question. Council for Excelling in Leadership The Leadership Council is a group of business people who set aside a portion of their time to provide training and exchange ideas with both leaders and emerging leaders.   The faculty is distinct, as they are business leaders themselves.   They remain active in their respective industries and pursuits.   As such, they deliver real-world, essential leadership skills to excelling individuals and organizations. Management Diagnostic Tools A commercially available tool widely used internationally which covers an extensive range of management competences. Strengths: A genuine self-diagnostic and management and leadership tool, giving clear recommendations for future development. Significant experience from elsewhere can be drawn on. Weaknesses: Although various versions are available, the main MAP product can take up to 2 days to complete fully, involving in-depth discussions and reviews with trained facilitators. Costs are variable, depending on the numbers purchased and additional financial inducements some support agencies have provided. Leadership Competencies There are five leadership competencies: 1. Creates a compelling future 2. Inspires others to achieve 3. Learns and shares knowledge 4. Demonstrates a passion for customers 5. Delivers great performance Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while other claim it is an inborn characteristic. Social Intelligence